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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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The Journal of urology·2026
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Testosterone Does Not Drive Prostate Cancer: Presenting the New Framework of Androgen Adequacy vs Inadequacy.

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Real-World Outcomes and Safety of Testosterone Therapy: A Longitudinal, Retrospective Cohort Study of Over 9,000 Men.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
07:25

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Published on: March 6, 2018

Testosterone replacement therapy and prostate cancer.

Abraham Morgentaler1

  • 1Men's Health Boston, Brookline, MA, USA. amorgent@bidmc.harvard.edu

The Urologic Clinics of North America
|November 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) likely does not increase prostate cancer risk. New evidence suggests TRT has minimal negative impact on the prostate, even in men with prior prostate cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Urology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Concerns persist regarding testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk.
  • Historical assertions linking TRT to enhanced PCa growth lack robust scientific evidence.
  • Early claims were based on limited single-patient observations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the scientific basis of concerns linking TRT to increased PCa risk.
  • To assess the actual impact of TRT on prostate health, including in men with a history of PCa.
  • To propose a model explaining the relationship between testosterone levels and PCa behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature and clinical evidence regarding TRT and PCa.
  • Analysis of the physiological effects of testosterone on prostate tissue.

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A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance
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A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance

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A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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Published on: March 6, 2018

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  • Development of a theoretical saturation model for testosterone's influence on PCa.

    • Main Results:

    • Current evidence indicates TRT has minimal to no adverse effect on the prostate.
    • This holds true even for patients with a history of prostate cancer.
    • A proposed saturation model aligns with observed PCa regression at low testosterone and lack of growth at elevated levels.

    Conclusions:

    • The long-standing concern about TRT increasing PCa risk is not supported by current scientific evidence.
    • TRT appears safe for the prostate, challenging previous assumptions.
    • A saturation model provides a framework for understanding testosterone's complex role in PCa.