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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets
03:37

Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets

Published on: March 1, 2024

Blood gene expression signatures predict exposure levels.

P R Bushel1, A N Heinloth, J Li

  • 1Biostatistics Branch, Environmental Stress and Cancer Group, Environmental Toxicology Program, Microarray Group, **Cancer Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene expression patterns in blood cells can accurately indicate acetaminophen (APAP) exposure levels. This genomic marker approach shows promise for early detection of potential liver damage before clinical signs appear.

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An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets
03:37

Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets

Published on: March 1, 2024

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Genomics
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Accurate indicators of exposure are crucial for managing adverse health events.
  • Acetaminophen (APAP) intoxication is a leading cause of liver failure in the U.S.
  • Early detection of APAP exposure is vital for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gene expression patterns in blood cells as indicators of APAP exposure levels.
  • To assess the accuracy of genomic markers compared to traditional clinical parameters.
  • To explore the potential of blood gene expression for early detection of APAP-induced liver damage.

Main Methods:

  • Trained prediction algorithms using rat blood gene expression data after APAP exposure.
  • Validated prediction accuracy on an independent, blinded rat blood data set.
  • Analyzed human samples to assess blood gene expression differences between APAP-intoxicated patients and controls.

Main Results:

  • Prediction accuracy for APAP exposure levels in rats ranged from 88.9% to 95.8%.
  • Genomic markers demonstrated superior prediction accuracy compared to traditional clinical parameters.
  • Blood gene expression profiles accurately predicted APAP exposure in liver tissue (97% accuracy) and separated human patients from controls.

Conclusions:

  • Gene expression data from peripheral blood cells serve as valuable indicators of APAP exposure levels.
  • Genomic markers in blood can potentially act as surrogates for clinical markers of acute liver damage.
  • Activation of inflammatory response is a key biological signal associated with toxic APAP doses.