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Glucocorticoids and cardiovascular disease.

Brian R Walker1

  • 1Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK. b.walker@ed.ac.uk

European Journal of Endocrinology
|November 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Glucocorticoids, like cortisol, contribute to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease by affecting obesity, insulin resistance, and blood vessel health. Targeting glucocorticoid action may offer new treatments for heart disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Metabolic Syndrome Research

Background:

  • Chronic excessive activation of glucocorticoid receptors is linked to obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension.
  • Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid tissue sensitivity are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in metabolic syndrome.
  • Glucocorticoids exert direct effects on the heart and vasculature via specific receptors, influenced by local enzyme metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the systemic and cardiovascular effects of glucocorticoids.
  • To examine the role of glucocorticoids in the incidence, progression, and recovery from cardiovascular events and vascular injury.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of systemic and cardiovascular effects of glucocorticoids.
  • Analysis of evidence linking glucocorticoid action to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
  • Examination of glucocorticoid receptor and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme roles.

Main Results:

  • Glucocorticoids promote the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
  • Glucocorticoids impact vascular function, atherogenesis, and vascular remodeling after injury or ischemia.
  • Evidence suggests glucocorticoids influence recovery from occlusive vascular events.

Conclusions:

  • Glucocorticoid action significantly contributes to cardiovascular disease pathogenesis.
  • Manipulation of glucocorticoid activity in metabolic and cardiovascular tissues presents potential therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting glucocorticoid pathways may offer novel approaches for cardiovascular disease treatment.