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Related Concept Videos

Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Nails01:05

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Nails

Nails are one of the important accessory structures of the skin. They are hard, protective structures that cover the dorsal surface of the distal phalanges of fingers and toes. Nails are composed of specialized keratinized cells and serve various functions, including protection, sensation, and manual dexterity.
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Nail Plate: The nail plate is the visible portion of the nail that extends beyond the fingertips or toes. It is a hard, translucent...
Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Lethal Alleles02:41

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
05:26

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

[Yellow nail syndrome].

Orvar Gunnarsson, Eythór Bjornsson, Unnur Steina Björnsdóttir

    Laeknabladid
    |November 7, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    This case study highlights Yellow Nail Syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by yellow nails, respiratory issues like pleural effusion, and lymphedema. Corticosteroid treatment showed partial improvement in eosinophilia.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonology
    • Rare Diseases
    • Dermatology

    Background:

    • Yellow Nail Syndrome (YNS) is a rare disorder characterized by triad of yellowing dystrophic nails, lymphedema, and respiratory symptoms.
    • Respiratory manifestations in YNS can include pleural effusions, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis.

    Observation:

    • A 77-year-old male with a history of recurrent airway infections presented with chronic cough, dyspnea, and increased mucous production.
    • Chest X-ray revealed a pleural effusion, and thoracocentesis showed an eosinophilic exudate. Infectious causes were excluded.
    • Physical examination revealed characteristic yellowing of fingernails and toenails, leading to the diagnosis of Yellow Nail Syndrome.

    Findings:

    • Pleural biopsy confirmed chronic pleuritis.
    • Treatment with corticosteroids led to a decrease in eosinophilia over six months.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

    Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
    05:26

    Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients

    Published on: March 1, 2024

  • While eosinophilia subsided, the pleural effusion persisted on a smaller scale one year post-treatment.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of recognizing the diverse clinical presentations of Yellow Nail Syndrome.
    • Early diagnosis and management, including the use of corticosteroids, can help alleviate symptoms.
    • Further research is needed to understand the long-term management and prognosis of respiratory complications in YNS.