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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Botulism01:22

Botulism

Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...

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Related Experiment Video

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Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
05:51

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Published on: July 24, 2016

Kluyvera meningitis in a newborn.

Marisa Rosso1, Pilar Rojas, Elisa Garcia

  • 1Neonatology Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Children's Hospital, Seville, Spain. marisarosso@ya.com

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|November 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Kluyvera infections are rare but can cause serious illness. This case report details the successful treatment of a newborn with Kluyvera meningitis, a first for pediatric central nervous system infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Kluyvera species are infrequently implicated in human infections.
  • These bacteria can manifest in various clinically significant ways.
  • Central nervous system (CNS) infections require prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Observation:

  • A newborn patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt presented with symptoms suggestive of meningitis.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed the presence of Kluyvera species.
  • The infant received appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Findings:

  • Successful treatment of Kluyvera meningitis in a newborn.
  • This represents the first reported case of Kluyvera CNS infection in a pediatric patient.
  • The patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt recovered fully.

Implications:

  • Highlights the potential for Kluyvera as a pathogen in neonatal meningitis.
  • Emphasizes the importance of considering rare bacteria in CNS infections, especially in immunocompromised or device-associated cases.
  • Contributes to the understanding of Kluyvera epidemiology and clinical significance in pediatrics.