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The motor development of the human being

M Knapczyk1

  • 1Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Akademia Medyczna, Poznań

Ortopedia, Traumatologia, Rehabilitacja
|November 7, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Motor development relies on the central nervous system and progresses through distinct reflex stages. Early reflexes ensure stability, while later reflexes enable movement and complex motor skills by age five.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Motor development in infants is a critical process.
  • It involves the maturation of the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Understanding reflex development is key to assessing motor milestones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate spontaneous motor activity from postural reflex reactivity.
  • To outline the stages of motor development based on reflex emergence.
  • To highlight the importance of early detection of psychomotor disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • Observational analysis of infant motor skills.
  • Distinguishing between static and kinetic reflex patterns.
  • Tracking reflex development from infancy to early childhood.

Main Results:

  • Early infancy (0-6 months) motor control is based on static postural reflexes for supine stability.
  • The second half of the first year sees the emergence of statokinetic reflexes, facilitating transitions like crawling to standing.
  • Complex balance reflexes mature between 18-24 months, enabling adult-like motor functions by age five.

Conclusions:

  • The CNS orchestrates motor development through sequential reflex acquisition.
  • Early and accurate observation of psychomotor skills is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Understanding these developmental stages aids in identifying potential developmental delays or disorders.

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