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Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF₆: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

Novel neutral octanuclear copper(I) complexes stabilized by pyridine linked bis(pyrazolate) ligands.

Yongbo Zhou¹, Wanzhi Chen

¹Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi campus, Hangzhou 310028, China.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

|November 7, 2007

Summary

Researchers synthesized novel copper(I) complexes with unique twisted-boat structures and short copper-copper interactions. These compounds exhibit unusual multiple band emissions, offering new insights into inorganic materials.

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Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

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Published on: May 21, 2019

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Materials Science
Coordination Chemistry

Background:

Copper(I) complexes are crucial in catalysis and materials science.
Understanding metal-metal interactions is key to designing novel functional materials.
Hydrothermal synthesis offers a versatile route for creating complex inorganic structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize novel octanuclear copper(I) complexes.
To investigate the structural features, specifically the Cu(8) conformation and Cu-Cu interactions.
To explore the photoluminescent properties, focusing on unusual multiple band emissions.

Main Methods:

Hydrothermal reactions were employed for the synthesis of the copper(I) complexes.
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the molecular structures and conformations.
Spectroscopic techniques (e.g., UV-Vis absorption, emission spectroscopy) were utilized to study the electronic and photophysical properties.

Main Results:

Two new neutral, octanuclear copper(I) complexes with twisted-boat Cu(8) conformations were successfully synthesized.
Short copper-copper (Cu-Cu) distances and interactions were observed within the Cu(8) core.
The complexes displayed unusual multiple band emissions, indicating complex electronic transitions.

Conclusions:

The study successfully synthesized novel copper(I) complexes with unique structural motifs.
The observed short Cu-Cu interactions are significant for understanding electronic communication in polynuclear copper systems.
The unusual multiple band emissions suggest potential applications in luminescence-based technologies.