Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
Published on: February 12, 2021
Modeling effects of age and sex on cardiovascular variability responses to aerobic ergometer exercise
Kohzoh Yoshino1, Kimihiro Adachi, Keiko Ihochi
1Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan. yoshino-k@aist.go.jp
Abstract:
After collecting data on the cardiovascular responses to ramp-type exercise tests on a cycle ergometer from 194 healthy male and female subjects aged from 20 to 69 years, we constructed a mathematical model that simulates typical patterns of the cardiovascular variability responses to ramp-type exercise loads below the anaerobic threshold. This was done by reflecting the following physiological mechanisms: (1) suppression of parasympathetic nerve activity, (2) reduction of total peripheral resistance, (3) resetting of the operating point in the baroreflex curve, (4) increase in stroke volume, and (5) increase in the coupling of stroke volume to pulse pressure. We estimated the values of model parameter that best fit the measured experimental data. The estimated steepness of the slope with which parasympathetic nerve activity decreased was lower in subjects with a higher anaerobic threshold, tended to increase with age, and in every age decade was higher for females than for males.
More Related Videos
08:12Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
Published on: June 5, 2019
12:59Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
Published on: July 5, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Factors Influencing Heart Rate
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate...
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age
Exercise and Cardiac Output
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...
Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...