Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain.

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Association between fetal brain diffusion-weighted imaging and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome after prenatal myelomeningocele repair.

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·2026

Same author

Medullary Tegmental Cap Dysplasia: Fetal and Postnatal Presentations of a Unique Brainstem Malformation.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2023

Same author

Common Neuroimaging Findings in Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf Optic Atrophy Syndrome.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2023

Same author

Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI for Detection of Meningitis in Infants.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2022

Same author

Imaging Findings in Children Presenting with CNS Nelarabine Toxicity.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2022

Same author

Neuroimaging in Pediatric Patients with Juvenile Xanthogranuloma of the CNS.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 4, 2022

The "dark cerebellar sign".

T A G M Huisman¹, S H Kubat, B P Eckhardt

¹Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. thuisma1@jhmi.edu

Neuropediatrics

|November 7, 2007

Summary

The "dark cerebellar sign" on CT scans, unlike the "white cerebellar sign," indicates a hypodense cerebellum. This rare finding in children may signal tricyclic antidepressant overdose.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Radiology
Toxicology

Background:

The "white cerebellar sign" on CT scans denotes a normal cerebellum contrasted with a pathological hypodense cerebrum.
Cerebellar infarction is uncommon in neonates and exceptionally rare in children and young adults.

Observation:

We describe a "dark cerebellar sign" in a child, characterized by a hypodense cerebellum due to ischemia or edema.
This contrasts with a relatively hyperdense, normal cerebrum on computed tomography (CT).

Findings:

The case highlights cerebellar infarction in a child associated with tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose.
The mechanism of selective cerebellar infarction in TCA intoxication remains unclear.

Implications:

More Related Videos

Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis

Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis

Published on: December 5, 2020

Point of Care Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Ultrasound of the Middle Cerebral Artery

Point of Care Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Ultrasound of the Middle Cerebral Artery

Published on: August 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 4, 2022

Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis

Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis

Published on: December 5, 2020

Point of Care Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Ultrasound of the Middle Cerebral Artery

Point of Care Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Ultrasound of the Middle Cerebral Artery

Published on: August 9, 2024

Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose should be considered in the differential diagnosis for pediatric patients presenting with a "dark cerebellar sign".
This finding expands the understanding of rare neurological presentations in toxicology.