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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

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Abnormal cerebral cortex structure in children with ADHD.

Sasha M Wolosin¹, Marin E Richardson, Joseph G Hennessey

¹Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.

Human Brain Mapping

|November 7, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit reduced cerebral cortical volume, surface area, and folding. These findings highlight key neurodevelopmental differences in ADHD, particularly decreased cortical folding.

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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Neuroscience
Pediatric Neurology

Background:

Previous studies on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) cerebral cortical structure primarily focused on volume.
Advanced automated surface-based analysis allows for a more detailed examination of cortical morphologic features.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate ADHD-associated differences in cerebral cortical gray matter structure beyond volume, specifically surface area, thickness, and cortical folding.
To utilize an automated surface-based analysis technique for detailed morphometric comparisons.

Main Methods:

Acquired MPRAGE images from 21 children with ADHD and 35 typically developing controls (aged 8-12 years).
Employed statistical difference maps to compare mean cortical thickness across the cortical surface.
Measured cortical volume, surface area, mean thickness, and cortical folding in various brain regions.

Main Results:

Children with ADHD demonstrated a significant decrease in total cerebral volume (over 7%) and total cortical volume (over 8%).
Reduced volume was observed bilaterally across all four lobes.
The ADHD group exhibited decreased surface area (over 7%) and significantly reduced cortical folding bilaterally; no significant differences in cortical thickness were found.

Conclusions:

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is associated with widespread reductions in cortical volume, surface area, and folding.
Decreased cortical folding emerges as a critical morphologic characteristic of ADHD.
These findings support an early neurodevelopmental origin for ADHD and may elucidate underlying neurodevelopmental mechanisms.