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Muscles that Move the Arm

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...

Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

Arthroscopic latissimus dorsi transfer.

Enrico Gervasi¹, Araldo Causero, Pier Camillo Parodi

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Antonio Hospital, Latisana, Italy. gervasi.enrico@libero.it

Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association

|November 8, 2007

Summary

This study details a surgical technique for latissimus dorsi tendon transfer. The procedure uses arthroscopic visualization and anchor fixation for shoulder reconstruction, aiming for improved patient outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Sports Medicine
Shoulder Reconstruction

Background:

Rotator cuff tears and shoulder instability often require advanced surgical interventions.
Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer is a reconstructive option for specific shoulder pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a detailed surgical technique for latissimus dorsi tendon transfer to the humeral shaft.
To outline the arthroscopic approach for visualization and fixation of the transferred tendon.

Main Methods:

A 6-cm axillary incision provides access to the latissimus dorsi tendon and its neurovascular pedicle.
Tendon detachment from the humeral shaft, reinforcement with sutures, and mobilization are performed.
Arthroscopic visualization via a lateral portal and passage of a drain tube facilitate tendon retrieval and fixation with anchors to the greater tuberosity.

Main Results:

The described technique allows for secure fixation of the latissimus dorsi tendon to the greater tuberosity.
The use of arthroscopic visualization and specialized instruments aids in precise tendon placement and fixation.

Conclusions:

This surgical method provides a reproducible approach for latissimus dorsi tendon transfer in shoulder reconstruction.
The technique aims to restore shoulder function and stability through tendon augmentation.