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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Targeting Gray Rami Communicantes in Selective Chemical Lumbar Sympathectomy

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Published on: January 10, 2019

Inferior hypogastric plexus blockade: a transsacral approach.

David M Schultz¹

¹Medical Advanced Pain Specialists, Minneapolis, MN 55433, USA. dschultz@painphysicians.com

|November 8, 2007

Summary

A new transsacral approach effectively blocks the inferior hypogastric plexus for chronic pelvic pain. This safe and effective technique offers relief for lower pelvic visceral pain conditions.

Area of Science:

Pain Medicine
Interventional Pain Management
Neuroanatomy

Background:

The inferior hypogastric plexus innervates lower pelvic organs and genitalia.
Traditional blockade techniques are often insufficient for targeting these nerves.
Existing methods like paravertebral or transdiscal approaches have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a novel transsacral approach for inferior hypogastric plexus blockade.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technique in patients with chronic pelvic pain.

Main Methods:

A transsacral technique was developed, involving needle insertion through the sacral foramen.
The procedure was performed on 11 female patients with chronic pelvic pain.
Fifteen inferior hypogastric plexus blocks were conducted using this method.

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Main Results:

Eleven out of fifteen procedures resulted in decreased pelvic pain.
Pre-procedure pain scores averaged 7.4 (SD 2.3), decreasing to 5.0 (SD 2.7) post-procedure (P < 0.05).
No complications or adverse events were reported during or after the blocks.

Conclusions:

The transsacral approach to inferior hypogastric plexus blockade is safe and effective.
Requires expertise in sacral anatomy and fluoroscopy for successful execution.
Offers a viable diagnostic and therapeutic option for chronic lower pelvic pain.