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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Brain localization of memory chunks in chessplayers.

Guillermo Campitelli¹, Fernand Gobet, Kay Head

¹Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.

The International Journal of Neuroscience

|November 8, 2007

Summary

Chess experts utilize long-term memory chunks for high accuracy. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) confirmed these domain-specific representations activate temporal lobes, supporting chunk-based expertise theories.

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology of Expertise

Background:

Chunk-based theories propose expertise develops through storing familiar information chunks in long-term memory.
These chunks facilitate rapid recognition and high performance in domain-specific tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

To test predictions of chunk-based theories of expertise using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
To investigate the neural basis of expert chess memory and recognition.

Main Methods:

fMRI was employed while chess experts performed a recognition memory task.
Neural activity was analyzed to identify brain regions associated with memory retrieval and expertise.

Main Results:

fMRI data supported the hypothesis that chess experts access long-term memory chunks.
Activation was observed in the temporal lobes, consistent with the storage of domain-specific information.
Recognition memory tasks activated working memory areas in the frontal and parietal lobes.

Conclusions:

The findings provide neuroscientific evidence for chunk-based theories of expertise in chess.
Expertise in chess involves the retrieval of stored domain-specific representations from long-term memory.