Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
Published on: February 7, 2019
Greener and sustainable approaches to the synthesis of pharmaceutically active heterocycles
Vivek Polshettiwar1, Rajender S Varma
1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Sustainable Technology Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
Abstract:
Green chemistry is a rapidly developing field providing a proactive avenue for the sustainable development of future science and technology. Green chemistry can be applied to the design of highly efficient, environmentally benign synthetic protocols to deliver life-saving medicines, and to accelerate lead optimization processes in drug discovery, while minimizing environmental impact. It also offers enhanced chemical process economics, concomitant with a reduced environmental burden. This review summarizes relatively environmentally benign protocols for the synthesis of pharmaceutically active heterocycles that highlight the advantages of using green chemistry, for example, by proceeding under microwave irradiation or in aqueous reaction media.
Related Concept Videos
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Bridged Bicyclic Products: Stereochemistry
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry
Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview

