Arteriovenous malformations: ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy

Peripheral vascular malformations are now described according to some accepted guidelines, and the principle of proper treatment (nodus ablation) is becoming clear. An appropriate classification schema for vascular anomalies and definite indications for treatment are important to successful treatment overall. Non-invasive imaging (US, CT, and MRI) in association with clinical findings is critical in establishing the diagnosis, evaluating the extent of the malformation, and planning appropriate treatment. Direct nidus phlebography is useful not only in making a correct diagnosis but also in treating the lesion by sclerotherapy. When a patient suffers clinical complications, the nidus sclerotherapy becomes mandatory. If the vascular malformation remains bloodstream to a drainage vein during nidus opacification, flow control is necessary to achieve complete nidus ablation. A multidisciplinary approach is needed in the treatment of a high-flow lesion. A dedicated team approach is necessary for appropriate management in most cases.