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Related Experiment Videos

The limits of subfunctionalization.

Thomas MacCarthy1, Aviv Bergman

  • 1Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. tmaccart@aecom.yu.edu

BMC Evolutionary Biology
|November 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Gene duplication evolution is complex. Subfunctionalization plays a partial role alongside redundancy and neofunctionalization, challenging the duplication-degeneration-complementation model for duplicate gene retention.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • The duplication-degeneration-complementation (DDC) model explains high duplicate gene retention.
  • DDC proposes subfunctionalization where gene copies perform complementary functions.
  • Distinguishes regulatory vs. product-level subfunctionalization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization in post-gene duplication evolution.
  • To test the predictions of the DDC model using in silico and experimental data.
  • To understand the evolutionary dynamics of duplicate genes.

Main Methods:

  • In silico modeling of gene regulatory evolution.
  • Analysis of yeast microarray time-course data.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Distinguishing regulatory and product-level subfunctionalization.

    • Main Results:

    • Regulatory subfunctionalization peaks and declines; neofunctionalization increases monotonically.
    • Product subfunctionalization occurs no more frequently than by chance.
    • Product subfunctionalization is not necessarily driven by regulatory subfunctionalization.
    • Neofunctionalization affects most regulatory elements without positive selection.

    Conclusions:

    • Post-duplication evolution is complex, involving subfunctionalization, redundancy, and neofunctionalization.
    • Subfunctionalization plays a limited role in duplicate gene evolution.
    • High evolutionary plasticity in gene networks drives these evolutionary dynamics.