Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026

07:52
In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior
Published on: November 22, 2021
To touch or not to touch: posterior parietal cortex and voluntary behavior
1Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. daeyeol.lee@yale.edu
Neuron
|November 9, 2007
Summary
Neurons in the primate posterior parietal cortex maintain effector-specific coding of motor intentions. This occurs even without sensory cues, allowing for free choice of behavior.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Primate Brain Research
Background:
- The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in primates is crucial for various cognitive functions, including sensorimotor integration and decision-making.
- Previous research has linked PPC activity to the planning and execution of movements.
Discussion:
- This study investigates the role of PPC neurons in representing motor intentions.
- The research explores whether this representation is maintained independently of external sensory guidance.
- The findings shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying internally generated actions.
Key Insights:
- Neurons in the primate PPC exhibit effector-specific coding of motor intentions.
- This coding persists even in the absence of specific sensory instructions.
- The results suggest that the PPC plays a key role in free choice of behavior and internally driven actions.
Outlook:
- Further research could explore how PPC activity interacts with other brain regions during free-choice tasks.
- Investigating the developmental trajectory of these effector-specific codes could provide insights into motor learning.
- Understanding these mechanisms may have implications for treating disorders involving motor control and decision-making.
Related Concept Videos
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Somatosensation
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
Association Areas of the Cortex
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Lobes of the Cerebrum
The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.

