Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for the...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tying up lots of loose ends: dealing with unpublished crystal structures.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2026
Same author

Solvent-free and green synthesis of fused pyrimidine derivatives catalyzed by pillar[5]arene-based Lewis acid ionic liquid.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Proton-Initiated Reversible Chalcogen-Vertex Extrusion in Macropolyhedral Chalcogenaboranes.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Biocompatible 3D hierarchical flower-like iron-doped silver nanostructures as a platform for in vitro and in vivo drug delivery.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

The catalyst-free green synthesis and QTAIM analysis of anilino-1,4-naphthoquinones as molecular wires.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Glucose oxidase immobilized on ZIF-7-III: composite formation, optimization and integration in an electrochemical biosensor for selective glucose detection.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Bis[N-(4-nitrophenyl)thiobenzamidato]mercury(II).

Mohammad Hossein Habibi1, Shahram Tangestaninejad, Abdollah Fallah-Shojaie

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran. habibi@chem.ui.ac.ir

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications
|November 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals the unique two-coordinate mercury(II) coordination environment in [Hg(C(13)H(9)N(2)O(2)S)(2)], highlighting imine-thiolate tautomerism and secondary pi interactions. The mercury atom is linearly coordinated by sulfur atoms from two ligands.

More Related Videos

A Study of the Complexation of Mercury(II) with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
12:59

A Study of the Complexation of Mercury(II) with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: January 8, 2016

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones
07:30

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

Published on: January 21, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

A Study of the Complexation of Mercury(II) with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
12:59

A Study of the Complexation of Mercury(II) with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: January 8, 2016

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones
07:30

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

Published on: January 21, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Understanding mercury coordination chemistry is crucial for catalysis and materials science.
  • The tautomerism of ligands can significantly influence metal-ligand interactions and complex properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the coordination environment and structural characteristics of the title compound, [Hg(C(13)H(9)N(2)O(2)S)(2)].
  • To investigate the predominant tautomeric form of the ligand in the complex and the role of secondary interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the molecular structure.
  • Spectroscopic methods were used to confirm the ligand's tautomeric form.

Main Results:

  • The mercury atom exhibits an approximate twofold rotation symmetry within a linear two-coordinate HgS(2) environment.
  • Secondary pi interactions between the mercury and nitrophenyl rings of the ligands were observed.
  • The ligand exists in the imine-thiolate tautomeric form, not the amine-thione form.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides detailed structural insights into a unique two-coordinate mercury complex.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of ligand tautomerism and non-covalent interactions in organometallic compounds.