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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Generation, Purification, and Characterization of Cell-invasive DISC1 Protein Species

Generation, Purification, and Characterization of Cell-invasive DISC1 Protein Species

Published on: August 30, 2012

Disc disease: a summary and review.

¹Private Practice, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia.

|July 1, 1993

Summary

This review covers disc disease, detailing its causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment objectives. Understanding these aspects is crucial for effective patient management.

Area of Science:

Medicine
Neurology
Radiology

Background:

Disc disease encompasses a range of spinal conditions affecting intervertebral discs.
Pathological changes in discs can lead to significant pain and neurological deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of disc disease.
To consolidate information on etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics, and management.

Main Methods:

Literature review of disc disease.
Synthesis of information on etiology, clinical findings, radiological and laboratory data.
Analysis of differential diagnoses and treatment goals.

Main Results:

Etiology of disc disease varies, including degenerative and traumatic factors.

Keywords:

Disc disease annular tear chemical radiculitis chiropractic disc bulge disc herniation disc lesion disc prolapse internal disc disruption low back pain sciatica

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High Content Screening in Neurodegenerative Diseases

High Content Screening in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: January 6, 2012

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Generation, Purification, and Characterization of Cell-invasive DISC1 Protein Species

Generation, Purification, and Characterization of Cell-invasive DISC1 Protein Species

Published on: August 30, 2012

High Content Screening in Neurodegenerative Diseases

High Content Screening in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: January 6, 2012

Clinical presentation includes pain, neurological symptoms, and functional limitations.

Radiological and laboratory findings aid in diagnosis and assessment.

Conclusions:

Effective management of disc disease requires accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies.
Understanding the multifaceted nature of disc disease is key for clinicians.