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Related Concept Videos

Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...

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Related Experiment Videos

[Extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis: case report and review].

Alejandro Aviles-Salas1, Yolanda Quintero-Cuadra, Patricia Cornejo-Juárez

  • 1Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México, DF, México. alejandroaviles2001@yahoo.com

Revista Chilena De Infectologia : Organo Oficial De La Sociedad Chilena De Infectologia
|November 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Coccidioidomycosis, a fungal infection, can spread beyond the lungs. This case highlights diagnosis via lymph node biopsy in a young male with suspected lymphoma.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Coccidioidomycosis is a deep fungal infection endemic to specific regions in the Americas.
  • Caused by Coccidioides fungi, primary infection typically affects the lungs.
  • Dissemination is rare (<1%), but can involve any organ system.

Observation:

  • Extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis commonly affects skin, CNS, bones, and joints.
  • A 20-year-old male presented with physical findings suggestive of lymphoma.
  • Diagnosis of extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis was established through lymph node biopsy.

Findings:

  • The lymph node biopsy revealed Coccidioides fungal elements, confirming extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis.
  • This presentation underscores the diverse manifestations of disseminated coccidioidomycosis.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of considering endemic mycoses in differential diagnoses, even with atypical presentations.
  • Lymph node biopsy can be a valuable diagnostic tool for extrapulmonary Coccidioidomycosis.
  • Emphasizes the need for increased awareness of Coccidioidomycosis in endemic and non-endemic areas due to potential spread.