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Community Based Intervention01:30

Community Based Intervention

Community-based interventions in mental health represent a paradigm shift from institution-centered care to treatments embedded within the fabric of local communities. By prioritizing inclusion and leveraging existing societal structures, this approach fosters a supportive environment conducive to addressing mental health challenges while promoting individual dignity and agency.
Foundations of Community Mental Health Programs
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Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

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Cross-Sectional Research01:50

Cross-Sectional Research

In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

Using correlational evidence to select youth for prevention programming.

James H Derzon1

  • 1CPHRE, Battelle, 2101 Wilson Boulevard #800, Arlington, VA 22201-3008, USA. derzonj@battelle.org

The Journal of Primary Prevention
|November 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Targeted prevention for youth substance use may miss many individuals. Universal prevention programs may be more effective in reducing alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana involvement across broader populations.

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A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Substance Abuse Prevention

Background:

  • Limited resources necessitate effective targeting of prevention services for youth substance use.
  • Risk status for substance use is typically estimated using correlational evidence.
  • The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CTC) model identifies numerous risk and protective factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the evidence linking 29 constructs from the CTC model to alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana use.
  • To assess the predictive strength of these factors for substance use.
  • To evaluate the implications of these findings for selective versus universal prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analytic techniques were employed to synthesize existing research.
  • The study analyzed the relationship between 29 CTC risk and protective factors and substance use outcomes.
  • Statistical significance and strength of relations were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • A modest but significant relationship was found between many CTC factors and substance use.
  • Ten factors demonstrated differential predictive strength for tobacco versus alcohol and marijuana use.
  • Selective interventions, while improving targeting, risk omitting a majority of future substance users.

Conclusions:

  • Selective prevention strategies may not be the most efficient use of limited resources for youth substance abuse.
  • Universal prevention programs may be more effective in preventing alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana involvement in youth.
  • Policymakers and service providers should consider universal primary prevention for strategic resource deployment.