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Updated: Jul 10, 2026
3D Organotypic Co-culture Model Supporting Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Promiscuous Gene Expression
Published on: July 30, 2015
Direct development of functionally mature tryptase/chymase double-positive connective tissue-type mast cells from
Feng Ma1, Naotomo Kambe, Dan Wang
1Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
Abstract:
Conditions that influence the selective development or recruitment of connective tissue-type and mucosal-type mast cells (MCs) are not well understood. Here, we report that cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem (ES) cells cocultured with the murine aorta-gonad-mesonephros-derived stromal cell line AGM-S1 differentiated into cobblestone (CS)-like cells by day 10-15. When replated onto fresh AGM-S1 with the addition of stem cell factor, interleukin-6, and Flt3 ligand, these CS-like cells displayed robust growth and generated almost 100% tryptase/chymase double-positive MCs within 3 weeks. At all time points, the percentage of tryptase-positive cells did not exceed that of chymase-positive cells. These ES-derived MCs were CD45+/Kit+/CD31+/CD203c+/HLA-DR- and coexpressed a high-affinity IgE receptor on their surface, which was upregulated after IgE exposure. Electron microscopy showed that they contained many electron dense granules. Moreover, ES-derived MCs responded to stimulation by via IgE and substance P by releasing histamine. These results indicate that ES-derived MCs have the phenotype of functionally mature connective tissue-type MCs. The rapid maturation of ES-derived MCs suggests a unique embryonic pathway in primates for early development of connective tissue-type MCs, which may be independent from the developmental pathway of mucosal-type MCs.
