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Compound leaf development and evolution in the legumes.

Connie E M Champagne1, Thomas E Goliber, Martin F Wojciechowski

  • 1Section of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.

The Plant Cell
|November 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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In the pea family (Fabaceae), compound leaf development typically relies on UNIFOLIATA (FLO/LFY) genes, not Class 1 KNOTTED1-like (KNOX1) genes. This KNOX1-independent pathway is prevalent in the inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) of Fabaceae.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Developmental Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Botany

Background:

  • Class 1 KNOTTED1-like (KNOX1) genes are crucial for compound leaf development in most vascular plants.
  • The pea (Pisum sativum) and other Fabaceae species utilize UNIFOLIATA (FLO/LFY) genes instead of KNOX1 for compound leaf formation, presenting an exception.
  • The inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) within Fabaceae, including pea, exhibits a distinct pattern of KNOX1 gene expression concerning leaf development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phylogenetic distribution of KNOX1-independent compound leaf development within the Fabaceae family.
  • To understand the role of FLORICAULA (FLO)/LEAFY (LFY) genes in leaf complexity across different Fabaceae subclades.
  • To explore the evolutionary interplay between KNOX1 and FLO/LFY genes in shaping compound leaves.

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Main Methods:

  • Surveyed KNOX1 protein expression patterns in various compound-leafed Fabaceae species.
  • Generated transgenic soybean (Glycine max) with reduced FLO/LFY ortholog expression.
  • Overexpressed a KNOX1 gene in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to assess its effect on leaflet number.

Main Results:

  • KNOX1 expression is associated with compound leaves in most Fabaceae, but not in the IRLC subclade.
  • Reduced FLO/LFY expression in soybean resulted in only minor decreases in leaflet number.
  • KNOX1 gene overexpression in alfalfa (an IRLC member) increased leaflet number, indicating retained sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • The FLO/LFY gene likely functions in place of KNOX1 genes for compound leaf development throughout the IRLC.
  • KNOX1 and FLO/LFY genes may have had overlapping roles in ancestral Fabaceae, with FLO/LFY assuming a primary role in the IRLC.
  • This study highlights a significant evolutionary shift in the genetic regulation of compound leaf development within the Fabaceae.