Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
Published on: January 11, 2018
Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint
Stefano Mandrioli1, Jessica Polito, Stefano Andrea Denes
1Unit of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Centre for Craniofacial Deformities and Orbital Surgery, Ferrara, Italy.
Abstract:
Synovial chondromatosis is a cartilaginous metaplasia of the mesenchymal remnants of the synovial tissue of the joints. Its main characteristic is the formation of cartilaginous nodules in the synovium and inside the articular space (loose bodies). Synovial chondromatosis mainly affects big synovial joints such as the elbow and knee and is uncommon in the temporomandibular joint. The main symptoms are pain, limitation of jaw movement, crepitation, and inflammation. Diagnosis is made by panoramic radiograph, computed tomography scan, and mainly magnetic resonance imaging. Surgery is the therapeutic choice. The authors describe their experience in the treatment and in the follow up of a patient with unilateral synovial chondromatosis.
Related Concept Videos
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Knee Joint
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

