[In genes we trust versus beyond the gene. About schizophrenia].

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Genetics
• Epigenetics

Context:

• Schizophrenia pathogenesis remains poorly understood.
• Existing genetic and epigenetic models offer limited predictive power for epidemiological patterns.
• The discordance in monozygotic twins presents a key challenge in schizophrenia research.

Purpose:

• To evaluate existing genetic and epigenetic models of schizophrenia.
• To assess model capabilities in predicting epidemiological patterns and disease mechanisms.
• To propose a synthetic model addressing limitations of current theories, particularly twin discordance.

Summary:

• This article reviews two genetic and two epigenetic models for schizophrenia.
• It assesses their empirical basis, predictive value for epidemiology, and insight into disease mechanisms.
• A synthetic model is outlined, using monozygotic twin discordance as a critical test.

Impact:

• Provides a framework for evaluating schizophrenia models.
• Highlights the need for integrated approaches combining genetic and epigenetic factors.
• Offers a foundation for developing more accurate predictive and explanatory models for schizophrenia.