Yielding and crystallization of colloidal gels under oscillatory shear

We have studied the behavior of a colloidal gel under oscillatory shear. The quiescent gel was an arrested structure formed by a 40% volume fraction hard-sphere suspension in which a "depletion" interparticle attraction was induced by adding nonadsorbing polymer. We applied progressively larger amplitude oscillatory shear to the sample, and observed its behavior using conventional and confocal microscopy as well as dynamic light scattering echo spectroscopy. We find that, to within experimental uncertainties, the point at which irreversible particle rearrangements (or yielding) occur coincides with the observation of crystallization. We summarize our findings in a "shear state diagram." The strain amplitude required for yielding/crystallization increases with decreasing oscillation frequency. We can quantitatively account for our observations by estimating the effect of shear on the probability for a particle to escape from the attractive potential of its neighbor using a Kramers approach.