Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...

Typical Model Studies

Typical Model Studies

Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...

Modeling and Similitude

Modeling and Similitude

Scaled modeling is a fundamental technique in engineering, enabling the study of large and complex systems by creating smaller, manageable replicas that recreate critical characteristics of the original. In hydrology and civil infrastructure, for example, scaled models of dams help analyze water flow, turbulence, and pressure. This method allows for accurate predictions of real-world behavior within a controlled environment, significantly reducing the cost and time involved in full-scale...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Observational Retrospective Cohort of Patient Support Program Data on Practical Experiences of Treatment with Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: The ORCHESTRA Study.

Neurology and therapy·2026

Same author

Operation-specific and time-resolved monitoring of occupational nano/sub-micron particle exposure in a Swedish metal additive manufacturing facility.

Annals of work exposures and health·2026

Same author

Profiling major volatile components in apricot fruit sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying low-temperature-mediated volatile release.

Food chemistry. Molecular sciences·2026

Same author

<i>Filifactor alocis</i> FtxA blocks inflammation and apoptosis pathways in monocytic cells.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·2026

Same author

Correction: Razooqi et al. <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i> and <i>Filifactor alocis</i> as Associated with Periodontal Attachment Loss in a Cohort of Ghanaian Adolescents. <i>Microorganisms</i> 2022, <i>10</i>, 2511.

Microorganisms·2026

Same author

Oral health knowledge among primary school adolescents: A cross-sectional study from Maasai populated areas in Tanzania.

PLOS global public health·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

Modeling crowd turbulence by many-particle simulations.

Wenjian Yu¹, Anders Johansson

¹Institute for Transport & Economics, Dresden University of Technology, Andreas-Schubert Strasse 23, 01062 Dresden, Germany.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|November 13, 2007

Summary

Researchers enhanced the social force model to simulate crowd turbulence, accurately reproducing pedestrian flow dynamics observed during large gatherings. This model helps understand and prevent dangerous crowd movements.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence

Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence

Published on: June 24, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence

Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence

Published on: June 24, 2016

Area of Science:

Physics
Social Dynamics
Computational Science

Background:

Pedestrian flows can enter a "turbulent" state, leading to dangerous situations like trampling.
Existing many-particle models struggle to replicate turbulent crowd motion due to inadequate local interaction modeling at high densities.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend the social force model to accurately reproduce crowd turbulence.
To investigate the dynamics of pedestrian flow through a bottleneck under turbulent conditions.

Main Methods:

Modification of the repulsive force term within the social force model.
Numerical simulations of pedestrian movement through a bottleneck scenario.
Analysis of empirical features like structure functions and probability density functions of velocity increments.

Main Results:

The enhanced model successfully reproduced transitions from laminar to stop-and-go and turbulent flow regimes.
Key empirical characteristics of crowd turbulence were accurately replicated.
Simulation results showed good compatibility with video data from a large-scale pilgrimage.

Conclusions:

The extended social force model provides a more accurate representation of turbulent crowd dynamics.
This improved model can aid in understanding and mitigating risks associated with high-density pedestrian movement.