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Patch coalescence as a mechanism for eukaryotic directional sensing.

A Gamba1, I Kolokolov, V Lebedev

  • 1Politecnico di Torino and CNISM, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10121 Torino, Italy and INFN, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy. andrea.gamba@polito.it

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Eukaryotic cells use a chemical compass to detect soluble chemicals. This study theorizes cell polarization, revealing polarization time depends on signal anisotropy and cell size, with a detectable anisotropy threshold.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells can sense and orient towards chemical signals.
  • Cellular response involves phospholipid domain separation and orientation along chemical anisotropy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a theoretical framework for eukaryotic cell polarization in response to extracellular chemical signals.
  • To elucidate the relationship between polarization dynamics, signal anisotropy, and cell size.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of cell polarization.
  • Analysis of phospholipid domain formation, coarsening, and merging.
  • Derivation of scaling laws for polarization time and anisotropy threshold.

Main Results:

  • The cell polarization process is described in three stages: germ nucleation, patch coarsening, and domain merging.
  • Polarization time (t{epsilon}) scales with anisotropy degree (epsilon) as t{epsilon} ,

Conclusions:

  • The proposed theory provides a mechanistic explanation for eukaryotic cell polarization.
  • The findings suggest a fundamental relationship between chemical signal properties and cellular response mechanisms.