Phase field modeling of hysteresis in sessile drops

We propose a novel approach to describe wetting of plane solid surfaces by liquid drops. A two-dimensional nonconserved phase field variable is employed to distinguish between wetted and nonwetted regions on the surface. The imbalance in the Young's force provides for the exchange of relative stability of the two phases. The three-phase contact line tension arises from the gradient energy and contact angle hysteresis from the kinetic coefficient. Using this theory, we discuss contact angle hysteresis on chemically heterogeneous surfaces. We show significant departure from the classical Cassie theory, which is attributed to defect pinning of the continuous triple line.