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Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Graphite and graphene as perfect spin filters.

V M Karpan¹, G Giovannetti, P A Khomyakov

¹Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

Physical Review Letters

|November 13, 2007

Summary

Perfect spin filtering is predicted for graphite and nickel/cobalt interfaces, showing robustness against imperfections. Copper dusting prevents unwanted chemical bonding, ensuring efficient spin injection for spintronic applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Surface Science

Background:

Graphene's unique electronic properties make it a promising material for spintronics.
Achieving efficient spin injection at interfaces is crucial for spintronic device functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

To predict and analyze spin filtering properties at interfaces between graphite and transition metals (Ni, Co).
To investigate the impact of interface imperfections and chemical bonding on spin filtering.
To propose methods for preserving spin injection efficiency.

Main Methods:

Computational modeling of electronic structures at interfaces.
Analysis of in-plane lattice constants and electronic structure overlap in reciprocal space.
Simulation of interface roughness and disorder effects.

Main Results:

Predicted perfect spin filtering for graphite/(111) fcc or (0001) hcp Ni/Co interfaces.
Spin filtering demonstrated high insensitivity to interface roughness and disorder.
A method using copper dusting was proposed to prevent detrimental chemical bonding.

Conclusions:

Graphite/Ni/Co interfaces offer ideal spin filtering properties.
The proposed copper dusting method preserves spin injection efficiency.
These findings pave the way for advanced spintronic devices.