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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Dissolution arrest and stability of particle-covered bubbles.

Manouk Abkarian1, Anand Bala Subramaniam, Shin-Hyun Kim

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. abkarian@lcvn.univ-montp2.fr

Physical Review Letters
|November 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Polystyrene-covered bubbles form stable, faceted shapes that resist dissolution. Particle repulsion reduces interface curvature, preventing bubble shrinkage and ensuring stability.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and interface science
  • Materials science
  • Fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Bubbles in liquids are prone to dissolution, limiting their stability.
  • Particle-covered interfaces can alter bubble behavior and stability.
  • Understanding bubble stabilization mechanisms is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation and stability of bubbles coated with monodisperse polystyrene particles.
  • To determine the conditions under which these particle-covered bubbles achieve stable, non-dissolving states.
  • To elucidate the physical mechanisms responsible for bubble stabilization.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of bubble evolution with particle coatings.
  • Surface Evolver simulations to model bubble interface energetics.
  • Analysis of particle-to-bubble radius ratios (approx. 0.1).

Main Results:

  • Bubbles with polystyrene coatings evolve into stable, faceted polyhedral shapes.
  • The faceted state corresponds to a local energy minimum.
  • Laplace overpressure vanishes at the faceted state, ensuring phase stability.
  • Repulsive particle interactions reduce gas-liquid interface curvature, arresting dissolution.

Conclusions:

  • Particle-covered bubbles can achieve remarkable stability against dissolution.
  • The observed stability is attributed to the formation of faceted shapes and reduced interface curvature due to particle repulsion.
  • This study provides insights into interfacial phenomena and the stabilization of dispersed systems.