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Respiratory load compensation in infants.

R Knill, W Andrews, A C Bryan

    Journal of Applied Physiology
    |March 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Infants show impaired respiratory compensation to elastic loads during active sleep. This is linked to rib cage distortion and suggests intercostal muscle inhibition during REM sleep.

    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Physiology
    • Respiratory Mechanics
    • Sleep Studies

    Background:

    • Infants' respiratory systems undergo significant development.
    • Understanding respiratory compensation is crucial for neonatal care.
    • Sleep state influences respiratory control in infants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate respiratory compensation for elastic loads in term and preterm infants.
    • To compare load compensation during active (REM) and quiet (non-REM) sleep.
    • To explore the mechanisms behind impaired compensation during active sleep.

    Main Methods:

    • 15 term and preterm infants were studied.
    • Elastic loads were applied to the airway during five breaths.
    • Tidal volume, mask pressure, and chest wall motion (rib cage and abdomen) were monitored using magnetometers.

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  • Studies were conducted during both active and quiet sleep states.

    • Main Results:

    • During quiet sleep, tidal volume initially decreased by 50% but progressively recovered.
    • During active sleep, respiratory compensation was significantly less effective and disorganized.
    • Active sleep was associated with marked rib cage distortion.

    Conclusions:

    • Respiratory compensation to elastic loads is impaired during active sleep in infants.
    • Rib cage distortion during active sleep may mechanically hinder load compensation.
    • Tonic inhibition of intercostal muscles during active sleep could contribute to diaphragmatic distortion and impaired compensation.