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Related Concept Videos

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...

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Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker
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Published on: January 3, 2019

Early evolution of histone mRNA 3' end processing.

Marcela Dávila López1, Tore Samuelsson

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|November 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone mRNA 3' end processing machinery, involving stem-loop structures and stem-loop binding protein (SLBP), is present in protozoa, not just metazoa. This ancient system predates eukaryotes, revealing new insights into gene regulation.

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Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker
08:12

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Published on: January 3, 2019

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

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Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes
14:40

Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes

Published on: March 19, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Replication-dependent histone mRNAs typically lack polyadenylation and possess a 3' RNA stem-loop (SL) structure, processed by U7 snRNP and stem-loop binding protein (SLBP).
  • This processing is traditionally thought to be limited to metazoa and green algae, contrasting with the ubiquitous polyadenylation in Eukarya.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary origins and presence of histone 3' end processing machinery in protozoa.
  • To determine if the histone mRNA stem-loop structure and SLBP are found in diverse protozoan lineages.

Main Methods:

  • Computational approaches were employed to identify components of histone 3' end processing in various protozoa.
  • Analysis focused on the presence of histone mRNA stem-loop structures and the SLBP protein.

Main Results:

  • Components of histone 3' end processing, including the stem-loop structure and SLBP, were identified in multiple protozoa (e.g., Dictyostelium, alveolates, Trypanosoma, Trichomonas).
  • These findings suggest the histone 3' end processing machinery is more ancient than previously believed, existing at the root of the eukaryotic tree.
  • Histone mRNAs with both polyadenylation signals and histone 3' end processing signals were found in metazoa and protozoa.

Conclusions:

  • The histone 3' end processing machinery is ancient and widespread across eukaryotes, extending beyond metazoa to include protozoa.
  • The presence of dual processing signals indicates flexible gene regulation strategies for histone mRNAs, allowing for either polyadenylation or stem-loop processing.