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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation
14:27

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation

Published on: August 8, 2016

Nuclear size control in fission yeast.

Frank R Neumann1, Paul Nurse

  • 1The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. fneumann@rockefeller.edu

The Journal of Cell Biology
|November 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Cellular control mechanisms ensure nucleus size matches cell size in fission yeast. This study reveals cytoplasm volume influences nuclear growth, maintaining a balanced nuclear-to-cell size ratio.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Understanding eukaryotic cell size regulation is a fundamental biological question.
  • The relationship between nuclear size and overall cell size is not fully understood.
  • Previous research has not definitively established the factors controlling nuclear volume relative to cell volume.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which eukaryotic cells control nuclear size.
  • To determine the relationship between nuclear size, cell size, and DNA content in fission yeast.
  • To identify cellular factors that regulate the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) volume ratio.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fission yeast as a model organism.
  • Employed mutant strains to analyze the effects of DNA content on nuclear size.

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Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation
14:27

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation

Published on: August 8, 2016

Microscopy of Fission Yeast Sexual Lifecycle
07:47

Microscopy of Fission Yeast Sexual Lifecycle

Published on: March 9, 2016

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy
12:04

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

Published on: June 24, 2019

  • Observed multi-nucleated cells to assess nuclear growth dynamics in relation to cytoplasmic volume.
  • Manipulated the N/C volume ratio using centrifugation and genetic methods.

    • Main Results:

    • Nuclear size is proportional to cell size across a wide range (35-fold).
    • Nuclear DNA content (up to 16-fold change) does not affect the relative nuclear size.
    • Nuclei with larger surrounding cytoplasmic volumes exhibit faster growth rates.
    • Cell cycle progression shows nuclear growth proportional to cell growth during interphase, with rapid nuclear envelope expansion during mitosis.
    • Altering the N/C volume ratio leads to compensatory adjustments: high N/C ratios arrest nuclear growth, while low N/C ratios stimulate nuclear growth.

    Conclusions:

    • A general cellular control mechanism links nuclear growth directly to cell size.
    • The N/C volume ratio acts as a critical regulatory point for nuclear growth.
    • Fission yeast employs robust mechanisms to maintain a balanced nuclear-to-cell size homeostasis.