Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift01:07

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift

Organic molecules primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. While all the hydrogen isotopes are NMR-active, protium or hydrogen-1 is the most abundant. It has a significant energy separation between its nuclear spin states due to its large gyromagnetic ratio. As per Boltzmann's distribution, an increase in the energy separation implies a greater excess population of nuclei available for excitation, resulting in a strong NMR absorption signal.
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei in a...
NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A ten-point plan for sustainable radiology: a commitment to action.

Radiologia·2026
Same author

ASNR-ESNR White Paper on Sustainability in Neuroradiology.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same author

Diagnostic pitfalls and complex cases in MS.

Revue neurologique·2026
Same author

Recommendations for the critical reading of clinical trials on disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis.

Neurologia·2025
Same author

The value of manual MRI measurements of brain and spinal cord for daily clinical practice in multiple sclerosis subjects: A scoping review.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2025
Same author

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for brain abscesses: A useful adjuvant treatment for a faster recovery.

Neurosurgical review·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Guidelines for using proton MR spectroscopy in multicenter clinical MS studies.

N De Stefano1, M Filippi, D Miller

  • 1Department of Neurological and Behavioral Sciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy. destefano@unisi.it

Neurology
|November 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) detects brain chemical changes in multiple sclerosis (MS), even in areas without visible MRI damage. It assesses neurodegeneration and repair, offering insights beyond conventional imaging.

More Related Videos

Quantitative Proteomics Workflow using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Based Detection of Proteins from Human Brain Tissue
11:49

Quantitative Proteomics Workflow using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Based Detection of Proteins from Human Brain Tissue

Published on: August 28, 2021

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status
07:08

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

Published on: October 20, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Quantitative Proteomics Workflow using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Based Detection of Proteins from Human Brain Tissue
11:49

Quantitative Proteomics Workflow using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Based Detection of Proteins from Human Brain Tissue

Published on: August 28, 2021

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status
07:08

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

Published on: October 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) noninvasively characterizes brain chemical-pathologic changes.
  • In multiple sclerosis (MS), MRS detects pathology in lesions and normal-appearing white matter.
  • MRS assesses neurodegeneration via N-acetylaspartate levels and glial/repair activity via other metabolites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review current clinical applications of MRS in MS.
  • Discuss the potential and limitations of MRS in MS clinical trials.
  • Provide recommendations for applying MRS in MS clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of proton MRS applications in MS.
  • Analysis of MRS capabilities for detecting neurochemical changes.
  • Evaluation of MRS utility in clinical trial settings.

Main Results:

  • Proton MRS identifies neurochemical alterations in MS, including axonal damage (N-acetylaspartate decrease) and glial changes (choline, myo-inositol, glutamate, GABA).
  • MRS offers greater specificity for axonal integrity than conventional MRI.
  • Despite its potential, MRS is underutilized in MS clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • Proton MRS is a valuable tool for characterizing MS-related neurochemical changes.
  • Further integration of MRS into MS clinical trials is recommended to leverage its diagnostic and monitoring capabilities.
  • Addressing limitations will enhance MRS's role in evaluating MS progression and treatment efficacy.