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Visual acuity in 3422 consecutive eyes with choroidal nevus
Carol L Shields1, Minoru Furuta, Arman Mashayekhi
1Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Institute, 840 Walnut St, Ste 1440, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. carol.shields@shieldsoncology.com
Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
|November 14, 2007
Summary
Vision loss over time is common in subfoveolar choroidal nevus, especially with retinal pigment epithelial detachment and foveal edema. Early detection and monitoring are crucial for managing this eye condition.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Ocular Oncology
Background:
- Choroidal nevus is a common benignਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼ਖ਼A choroidal nevus is a common benign intraocular tumor. While most choroidal nevi are asymptomatic and require only observation, some may lead to vision loss. This study aimed to evaluate visual acuity in eyes with choroidal nevus. This observational case series reviewed 3422 eyes with choroidal nevus. Vision loss at 15 years occurred in 2% of eyes with extrafoveolar nevus and 26% of eyes with subfoveolar nevus, particularly those with overlying retinal pigment epithelial detachment and foveal edema. Visual acuity at presentation and final examination was evaluated. The main outcome measure was visual acuity. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed vision loss of 3 or more logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) lines at 5, 10, and 15 years occurred in less than 1%, 1%, and 2% of eyes with extrafoveolar nevus compared with 15%, 20%, and 26% of eyes with subfoveolar nevus, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified subfoveolar nevus location (relative risk [RR], 15.52), juxtapapillary nevus location (RR, 4.52), initial visual acuity of 20/50 or worse (RR, 15.40), overlying retinal pigment epithelial detachment (RR, 22.16), and foveal edema (RR, 9.02) as predictive factors for visual loss of 3 or more logMAR lines. Factors predictive of poor final visual acuity of 20/200 or worse included subfoveolar nevus location (RR, 11.32), overlying orange pigment (RR, 3.68), overlying retinal pigment epithelial detachment (RR, 12.80), and foveal edema (RR, 18.72). Mild vision loss over many years should be anticipated in patients with subfoveolar choroidal nevus, particularly those with overlying retinal pigment epithelial detachment, orange pigment, and foveal edema.
- Purpose_of_the_Study=[
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate visual acuity in eyes diagnosed with choroidal nevus.
- To identify risk factors associated with vision loss in patients with choroidal nevus.
Main Methods:
- Observational case series of 3422 eyes with choroidal nevus.
- Retrospective medical record review including visual acuity at presentation and final examination.
- Kaplan-Meier estimates and multivariate analysis to determine vision loss and predictive factors.
Main Results:
- Vision loss over 15 years occurred in 2% of extrafoveolar nevi versus 26% of subfoveolar nevi.
- Subfoveolar location, retinal pigment epithelial detachment, and foveal edema were significant predictors of vision loss.
- Poor final visual acuity was associated with subfoveolar nevus, orange pigment, retinal pigment epithelial detachment, and foveal edema.
Conclusions:
- Subfoveolar choroidal nevi carry a risk of gradual vision loss.
- Retinal pigment epithelial detachment, orange pigment, and foveal edema are key indicators for potential vision impairment.
- Regular monitoring is advised for patients with subfoveolar choroidal nevus, especially those with associated risk factors.
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