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Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

Coevolutionary networks of splicing cis-regulatory elements.

Xinshu Xiao1, Zefeng Wang, Minyoung Jang

  • 1Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing relies on cis-acting RNA elements. This study reveals that exon definition drives evolution in mammals, while intron definition drives it in plants, fungi, and invertebrates, preserving overall exon strength.

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Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
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Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

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Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
10:06

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing necessitates recognition of cis-acting RNA elements by trans-acting factors.
  • Understanding the coevolution of these splicing elements is crucial for deciphering gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the coevolution of splicing cis elements across diverse eukaryotic taxa using a generalized Bayesian network.
  • To investigate the evolutionary units driving splicing element evolution in different organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a generalized Bayesian network to model cis-acting RNA element coevolution.
  • Comparative analysis of splice site interactions (5'ss and 3'ss) across human/mouse, plants, fungi, and invertebrates.

Main Results:

  • Mammals exhibit cross-exon compensatory interactions, indicating exon definition as the primary evolutionary unit.
  • Plants, fungi, and invertebrates show exclusively cross-intron interactions, suggesting intron definition drives evolution.
  • In mammals, splice site strength correlates with silencer elements (ESSs) and compensates with enhancer elements (ESEs).

Conclusions:

  • Splicing elements defining exons coevolve to maintain overall exon strength.
  • Specific splicing elements can substitute for others, allowing for evolutionary flexibility.
  • The study highlights distinct evolutionary mechanisms of splicing in different eukaryotic lineages.