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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
13:19

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

Published on: November 2, 2013

New circulating biomarkers for prostate cancer.

K Bensalah1, Y Lotan, J A Karam

  • 1Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9110, USA.

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases
|November 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer (PCa) is controversial. Novel blood biomarkers are needed to accurately detect PCa and predict its progression, potentially through panels of markers.

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) revolutionized prostate cancer (PCa) screening but faces limitations in specificity and prognostic value.
  • Changes in PCa epidemiology have further complicated the interpretation and utility of PSA.
  • There is a critical need for improved methods to detect PCa and predict disease course.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel approaches for improving PCa detection and prognosis beyond traditional PSA testing.
  • To discuss a select group of promising blood-based biomarkers for PCa.
  • To highlight the potential of biomarker panels for clinical decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PSA derivatives and novel blood biomarkers for PCa.
  • Discussion of candidate biomarkers including human glandular kallikrein, IGF-I and its binding proteins, and others.
  • Analysis of the potential role of these markers in improving PCa diagnosis and prognosis.

Main Results:

  • Various PSA derivatives (e.g., PSA density, velocity, isoforms) have been explored to enhance specificity.
  • Numerous novel blood biomarkers (e.g., human glandular kallikrein, IGF-I, urokinase plasminogen activation system) show promise in early studies.
  • No single biomarker currently offers sufficient certainty for dictating treatment decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Future PCa prognosis and management may rely on panels of biomarkers rather than single markers.
  • Biomarker panels could enhance accuracy in predicting PCa presence, stage, and metastasis.
  • These panels may serve as prognosticators and surrogate endpoints for treatment response.