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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
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Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
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Transcranial Pulse Stimulation for Alzheimer's Patients
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Recognizing apathy in Alzheimer's disease.

Alan J Lerner1, Milton Strauss, Susie A Sami

  • 1Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Geriatrics
|November 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Apathy is a common neuropsychiatric symptom in neurological disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease. This review covers its clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment within the patient's overall cognitive and behavioral context.

Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychiatry
  • Neurology
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Apathy is a recognized neuropsychiatric symptom in various neurological disorders.
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) frequently presents with apathy, impacting patient well-being.
  • Understanding apathy is crucial for comprehensive neurological care.

Observation:

  • This review details the clinical manifestations of apathy specifically in Alzheimer's disease.
  • It examines methods for screening and diagnosing apathy.
  • Differential diagnosis includes depression, medical conditions, and mild cognitive impairment.

Findings:

  • Apathy in Alzheimer's disease requires careful evaluation to distinguish it from other conditions.
  • Treatment strategies and associated challenges are discussed.

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Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
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  • Apathy rarely occurs in isolation and is linked to broader cognitive and behavioral status.

    • Implications:

    • Accurate diagnosis and management of apathy can improve quality of life for Alzheimer's patients.
    • Recognizing apathy's context within overall cognitive status is key for effective intervention.
    • This review provides a framework for clinicians managing apathy in neurological disorders.