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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types

Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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A New Technique for Quantitative Analysis of Hair Loss in Mice Using Grayscale Analysis
06:41

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Published on: March 9, 2015

Alopecia areata in children.

Ijaz Ahmed1, Sarwat Nasreen, Rabnawaz Bhatti

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Ziauddin University, Karachi.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
|November 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Alopecia areata in children often presents mildly, but can progress to severe forms. Associated conditions include nail changes, atopy, and autoimmune disorders like hypothyroidism and vitiligo.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Autoimmune Disorders
  • Trichology

Background:

  • Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss.
  • Understanding its clinical spectrum and associated conditions in children is crucial for management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical presentations of alopecia areata in pediatric patients.
  • To determine the frequency of associated disorders in children with alopecia areata.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted.
  • 114 children (up to 15 years) with alopecia areata were analyzed.
  • Disease severity, patterns, and associated conditions were evaluated.

Main Results:

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  • Mild alopecia areata was the most common presentation (41%).
  • Nail changes (35%) and atopy (20%) were frequently observed.
  • Associated autoimmune disorders included hypothyroidism (4.3%) and vitiligo (3.5%).

    • Conclusions:

    • Childhood alopecia areata presents a spectrum from mild to severe forms, including alopecia totalis and universalis.
    • Nail changes, atopy, and various autoimmune disorders are significant associated conditions in pediatric alopecia areata.