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Neuronal response to Shepard's tones: an auditory fMRI study using multifractal analysis.

Yu Shimizu1, Masahiro Umeda, Hiroaki Mano

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Meiji University of Oriental Medicine, Hiyoshi-cho, Funai-gun, Kyoto, Japan. yu@mr.meiji-u.ac.jp

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|November 15, 2007
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Summary

Shepard's tones create an auditory illusion of an ever-ascending scale. Brain imaging revealed neural responses in auditory and visual cortex, challenging previous assumptions about this auditory phenomenon.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Shepard's tones are a well-known auditory illusion causing a perception of a continuously rising pitch.
  • Investigating the neural basis of auditory illusions provides insights into brain function and perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural correlates of Shepard's tones using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).
  • To compare brain activity patterns during block-designed versus continuous presentation of Shepard's tones.
  • To identify brain regions involved in processing this auditory illusion.

Main Methods:

  • Acquisition of fMRI time series during two experimental paradigms: block-designed and continuous presentation of Shepard's tones.
  • Data analysis using Statistical Parameter Mapping (SPM) for the block-designed paradigm.
  • Application of a novel wavelet-based multifractal analysis for the continuous presentation paradigm.

Main Results:

  • Characteristic neural responses to continuously presented Shepard's tones were detected.
  • These responses were observed not only in the auditory cortex but also in the visual cortex.
  • No significant impact was found on the primary motor or primary sensory cortex.
  • Pitch misjudgment correlated with the perceived frequency's location within the auditory perception range, not scale repetition.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous stimulation with Shepard's tones elicits widespread neural activity beyond the auditory cortex, including visual areas.
  • This study demonstrates the capability of fMRI to detect continuously stimulated brain areas.
  • The findings suggest a complex interplay between auditory and visual processing in the perception of auditory illusions.