How to become a graduate biomedical engineer in France

In France, to be an engineer first means to exert a profession that requires a good level of technical expertise, directly or indirectly bound to producing goods or services for the community. An engineer designs new products, has a manufacturing responsibility or is a project manager. He may discuss technologies and methods being used or argue about them if need be. That's how he differs from a lower level technician who only implements in conformance with guidelines. To be an engineer has a second meaning: earning the engineering degree after rather long training period (usually 5 years of studies, an equivalent of a Master degree), with a curriculum that includes a balance of scientific, technical and even economic studies. We stress these two definitions since they sometimes don't overlap within companies: --It is possible to get an engineering job without having an engineering degree. --The career of graduate engineers often leads them to managerial positions where technical aspects may disappear or, at least, be reduced.