Cardiac arrhythmia detection by parameters sharing and MMIE training of Hidden Markov Models

This paper is concerned to the cardiac arrhythmia classification by using Hidden Markov Models and Maximum Mutual Information Estimation (MMIE) theory. The types of beat being selected are normal (N), premature ventricular contraction (V), and the most common class of supra-ventricular arrhythmia (S), named atrial fibrillation (AF). The approach followed in this paper is based on the supposition that atrial fibrillation and normal beats are morphologically similar except that the former does not exhibit the P wave. In fact there are more differences as the irregularity of the RR interval, but ventricular conduction in AF is normal in morphology. Regarding to the Hidden Markov Models (HMM) modelling this can mean that these two classes can be modelled by HMM's of similar topology and sharing some parameters excepting the part of the HMM structure that models the P wave. This paper shows, under that underlying assumption, how this information can be compacted in only one HMM, increasing the classification accuracy by using MMIE training, and saving computational resources at run-time decoding. The algorithm performance was tested by using the MIT-BIH database. Better performance was obtained comparatively to the case where Maximum Likelihood Estimation training is used alone.