Diamond microelectrodes and CMOS microelectronics for wireless transmission of fast-scan cyclic voltammetry

This paper reports on technology development at the sensor and circuit levels for wireless transmission of fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in neurochemical detection. Heavily conductive, boron-doped diamond is selectively deposited onto the polished tip of a tungsten microelectrode to fabricate versatile, implantable, micro-needle microprobes capable of neurochemical sensing in the brain. In addition, an integrated circuit is fabricated in a 0.5-microm CMOS technology for processing and wireless transmission of the electrochemical signals corresponding to extracellular concentration changes of various neurotransmitters. The chip consists of a current-based, second-order, front-end SigmaDelta ADC and an on-chip, RF-FSK transmitter at the back-end. The ADC core and the transmitter consume 22microA and 400microA, respectively, from a 2.6-V power supply. Major electroactive neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in micromolar concentration have been wirelessly recorded at 433MHz using 300-V/s FSCV in flow injection analysis experiments.