Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Positive correlation of prevalence of Angiostongylis cantonensis in Parmarion martensi (semi-slug) with higher human neuroangiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm disease) caseloads in east Hawai'i Island.

International journal for parasitology·2025

Same author

The sensory shark: high-quality morphological, genomic and transcriptomic data for the small-spotted catshark <i>Scyliorhinus canicula</i> reveal the molecular bases of sensory organ evolution in jawed vertebrates.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Same author

Cardiac <sup>123</sup>I-MIBG normal uptake values are population-specific: Results from a cohort of controls over 60 years of age.

Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology·2019

Same author

Using nylon tape to aid the formation of loop stomas.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England·2017

Same author

Identification of a role for a mouse sperm surface aldo-keto reductase (AKR1B7) and its human analogue in the detoxification of the reactive aldehyde, acrolein.

Andrologia·2012

Same author

Lack of T-cell responses following autologous tumour lysate pulsed dendritic cell vaccination, in patients with relapsed osteosarcoma.

Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico·2012

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Comprehensive Workflow for the Genome-wide Identification and Expression Meta-analysis of the ATL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene Family in Grapevine

Comprehensive Workflow for the Genome-wide Identification and Expression Meta-analysis of the ATL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene Family in Grapevine

Published on: December 22, 2017

The vertebrate genome annotation (Vega) database.

L G Wilming¹, J G R Gilbert, K Howe

¹Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK. lw2@sanger.ac.uk

Nucleic Acids Research

|November 16, 2007

Summary

The Vertebrate Genome Annotation (Vega) database provides manually annotated genomic sequences for humans, mice, and zebrafish. It has significantly expanded its human genome coverage and includes unique comparative genomic regions.

More Related Videos

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

Published on: August 20, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Comprehensive Workflow for the Genome-wide Identification and Expression Meta-analysis of the ATL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene Family in Grapevine

Comprehensive Workflow for the Genome-wide Identification and Expression Meta-analysis of the ATL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene Family in Grapevine

Published on: December 22, 2017

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

Published on: August 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Genomics
Bioinformatics
Comparative Genomics

Background:

The Vertebrate Genome Annotation (Vega) database was established to display manual genomic sequence annotation.
It originates from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and was first released in 2004.

Purpose of the Study:

To present the current state and expansion of the Vega database.
To highlight the comprehensive manual annotation of vertebrate genomes.

Main Methods:

Manual annotation of genomic sequences.
Data curation and integration for human, mouse, and zebrafish genomes.
Inclusion of specific haplotype and comparative genomic regions.

Main Results:

The number of human annotated loci has more than doubled to approximately 33,000.
Comprehensive annotation is now available for 20 out of 24 human chromosomes.
Significant portions of mouse (four chromosomes) and zebrafish (40%) genomes are annotated.
Unique annotations for mouse and human haplotype regions, and pig and dog comparative regions are included.

Conclusions:

The Vega database has substantially grown in scope and detail since its inception.
It serves as a valuable resource for researchers studying vertebrate genomes.
Vega offers unique comparative genomic data not found elsewhere.