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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Somatic...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Producing primate embryonic stem cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer.

J A Byrne1, D A Pedersen, L L Clepper

  • 1Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA.

Nature
|November 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists successfully created patient-specific embryonic stem (ES) cells using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in rhesus macaques. This breakthrough demonstrates therapeutic cloning potential in primates for regenerative medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Stem Cell Science
  • Primate Research

Background:

  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) offers potential for patient-specific regenerative therapies.
  • Previous SCNT attempts in primates faced challenges with reprogramming efficiency and embryonic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modified SCNT method for deriving embryonic stem (ES) cells from adult somatic cells in rhesus macaques.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of therapeutic cloning in primates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified SCNT technique with adult skin fibroblasts from rhesus macaques.
  • Isolated and characterized two embryonic stem cell lines from resulting blastocysts.
  • Performed DNA analysis to confirm genetic identity and mitochondrial origin.

Main Results:

  • Successfully produced rhesus macaque blastocysts using modified SCNT.
  • Isolated two embryonic stem cell lines with normal morphology and key stem cell markers.
  • Confirmed nuclear DNA matched donor cells and mitochondrial DNA originated from oocytes.
  • Demonstrated pluripotency through in vitro and in vivo differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Achieved successful nuclear reprogramming of adult somatic cells into pluripotent ES cells in primates.
  • Established proof-of-concept for therapeutic cloning in non-human primates.
  • Paved the way for potential regenerative medicine applications in primates.