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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Human Ovarian Surface Epithelium Organoids as a Platform to Study Tissue Regeneration
07:37

Human Ovarian Surface Epithelium Organoids as a Platform to Study Tissue Regeneration

Published on: August 16, 2024

Endometrial regenerative cells: a novel stem cell population.

Xiaolong Meng1, Thomas E Ichim, Jie Zhong

  • 1Bio-Communications Research Institute, Wichita, USA. mxl@brightspot.org

Journal of Translational Medicine
|November 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered Endometrial Regenerative Cells (ERC) in menstrual blood. These stem cells are easily obtained, highly proliferative, and can differentiate into multiple cell types, offering a promising alternative to current stem cell sources.

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Published on: October 4, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Angiogenesis is vital for the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle.
  • A stem cell-like population was hypothesized to exist in menstrual blood.
  • Menstrual blood is an accessible source for potential therapeutic stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize stem cell-like cells from menstrual blood.
  • To evaluate the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of these cells.
  • To compare these novel cells with existing mesenchymal stem cell sources.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of mononuclear cells from menstrual blood.
  • Culture and expansion of adherent subpopulations, termed Endometrial Regenerative Cells (ERC).
  • Analysis of cell surface markers (CD9, CD29, CD41a, CD44, CD59, CD73, CD90, CD105), karyotype, proliferation rate, and differentiation potential into nine lineages.
  • Quantification of secreted factors (MMP3, MMP10, GM-CSF, angiopoietin-2, PDGF-BB).

Main Results:

  • ERC were isolated, exhibited high proliferation rates (>68 doublings, doubling time 19.4 hours), and maintained normal karyotypes.
  • ERC successfully differentiated into cardiomyocytic, respiratory epithelial, neurocytic, myocytic, endothelial, pancreatic, hepatic, adipocytic, and osteogenic lineages.
  • ERC secreted key growth factors and enzymes (MMP3, MMP10, GM-CSF, angiopoietin-2, PDGF-BB) at significantly higher levels than control mesenchymal stem cells.

Conclusions:

  • Endometrial Regenerative Cells (ERC) represent a novel, easily accessible stem cell population.
  • ERC possess significant proliferative capacity and broad differentiation potential.
  • ERC are a promising alternative to current stem cell sources for regenerative medicine applications.