Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Emergence of newly reported HIV-1 recombinants CRF120_0107 and CRF149_01B in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China: Molecular evidence and public health challenges.

Biosafety and health·2026
Same author

Magnesium in acute pediatric asthma in the emergency department (MAGICIAN)-A multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial protocol.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Oxygen-enhanced MRI and multiple breath washout with Short extension reveal cystic fibrosis lung disease progression despite triple modulator therapy.

Thorax·2026
Same author

Are "race-neutral" lung volume prediction equations appropriate? A critical review of the contributions of anthropometric differences and socioeconomic factors to lung volumes.

The European respiratory journal·2026
Same author

Preschool wheeze endotypes and their association with asthma attacks and inhaled corticosteroid response.

ERJ open research·2026
Same author

Changes in Airway Sampling and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolation after the Introduction of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults
06:11

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults

Published on: February 9, 2022

Reference ranges for spirometry across all ages: a new approach.

Sanja Stanojevic1, Angie Wade, Janet Stocks

  • 1Portex Respiratory Physiology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK. s.stanojevic@ich.ucl.ac.uk

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|November 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

New spirometry reference ranges were developed using an extended LMS method, improving pediatric lung function assessment from age 4 to adulthood. These dynamic models offer a biologically plausible and statistically robust solution for continuous reference data.

More Related Videos

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
14:49

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting

Published on: April 8, 2022

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
13:28

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing

Published on: December 17, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults
06:11

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults

Published on: February 9, 2022

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
14:49

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting

Published on: April 8, 2022

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
13:28

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing

Published on: December 17, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Biostatistics
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Current spirometry interpretation relies on the NHANES III reference, which has limitations for younger children and lacks continuous age modeling.
  • There is a need for improved reference ranges that accurately capture lung function across all pediatric ages and transition seamlessly into adulthood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop more accurate pediatric spirometry reference ranges by integrating data from multiple large-population surveys.
  • To establish continuous lung function reference curves from early childhood through adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • Applied an extended LMS (lambda, mu, sigma) method to collated spirometry data from four surveys, including 3,598 subjects aged 4-80 years.
  • Developed sex-specific models initially limited to non-Hispanic white subjects.

Main Results:

  • Extended reference data down to 4 years of age, addressing a key limitation of the NHANES III reference.
  • Incorporated biologically plausible relationships between height and age for more accurate lung function modeling.
  • Provided smoothly changing curves for childhood-to-adulthood transition and highlighted age-dependent normal value ranges.

Conclusions:

  • The developed modeling technique offers an elegant, statistically robust, and biologically plausible solution for continuous spirometry reference ranges.
  • These dynamic models provide a foundation for future research to enhance pulmonary function test reference data accuracy.
  • The improved reference ranges facilitate more accurate interpretation of lung function in children and adults.