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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

Specificity of T-cell alloreactivity.

Nathan J Felix1, Paul M Allen

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|November 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

T-cell receptor (TCR) interactions with allogeneic antigens share similarities with conventional antigen recognition. Understanding these molecular similarities and differences advances knowledge of TCR specificity and T-cell development.

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Measurement of T Cell Alloreactivity Using Imaging Flow Cytometry
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Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Published on: March 14, 2011

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

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Published on: November 21, 2014

Measurement of T Cell Alloreactivity Using Imaging Flow Cytometry
09:04

Measurement of T Cell Alloreactivity Using Imaging Flow Cytometry

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Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade
11:55

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Published on: March 14, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • T-cell alloreactivity is a known immunological response.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms underlying allorecognition have been unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular basis of T-cell alloreactivity.
  • To compare T-cell recognition of allogeneic versus conventional antigens.
  • To discuss the implications for T-cell receptor (TCR) specificity and T-cell development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent insights into TCR-peptide and TCR-MHC interactions.
  • Comparative analysis of allogeneic and conventional antigen recognition pathways.

Main Results:

  • T-cell recognition of conventional and allogeneic antigens shares significant similarities.
  • Differences in recognition are also apparent, contributing to the complexity of alloreactivity.
  • New understanding of TCR-peptide-MHC complex interactions has emerged.

Conclusions:

  • Our comprehension of allorecognition has evolved significantly.
  • These findings have implications for understanding TCR specificity.
  • The study sheds light on T-cell development in the context of alloreactivity.