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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (oSLO) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
12:22

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (oSLO) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Published on: August 4, 2018

Rotary mirror array for high-speed optical coherence tomography.

Nan Guang Chen, Quing Zhu

    Optics Letters
    |November 17, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel linear optical delay line offers high-speed, high-duty-cycle performance for optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography. This system achieves rapid scanning with minimal nonlinear errors, enabling advanced biomedical imaging.

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    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
    10:46

    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

    Published on: September 18, 2012

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    Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (oSLO) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
    12:22

    Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (oSLO) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

    Published on: August 4, 2018

    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
    10:46

    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

    Published on: September 18, 2012

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Optics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Medical Imaging Technology

    Background:

    • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical Doppler tomography (ODT) are crucial for high-resolution biological tissue imaging.
    • Existing delay line systems often face limitations in speed, duty cycle, or accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a simple, high-speed, and high-duty-cycle linear optical delay line.
    • To enhance the performance of OCT and ODT systems through improved scanning capabilities.

    Main Methods:

    • A tilted mirror array rotating at a constant speed was employed to achieve periodic longitudinal scanning.
    • The system was integrated and tested for its scanning range, repetition rate, duty cycle, and nonlinear errors.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a 2-mm axial scanning range at a typical motor speed of 4000 rpm.
    • Achieved a 2400-Hz repetition rate with a 94% duty cycle.
    • Exhibited less than 0.1% nonlinear errors, with potential for higher rates using faster motors.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed linear optical delay line is suitable for advanced OCT and ODT applications.
    • The system's high speed, duty cycle, and accuracy represent a significant improvement over existing technologies.
    • Further increases in repetition rates are feasible with high-speed motor integration.